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英语语法 - 代词

代词是代替名词及名词类短语或句子的词,用来指代已在文中提及的人或事,使用代词可以避免许多不必要的重复。代词分为人称代词(Personal Pronouns)、物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)、反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)、疑问代词(Interrogative Pronouns)、相互代词(Reciprocal Pronouns)、不定代词(Indefinite Pronouns)、指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns)等。

人称代词

人称代词分为主格和宾格,分别在句中作主语和宾语。

主格

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

【例句】 She came into the room.

宾格

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

【例句】

1.Please help us.

2.单独使用人称代词时,使用宾格,如:

  • I like music.
  • Me, too.

物主代词

物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,分为形容词性和名词性的物主代词,形容词性的物主代词顾名思义词性是形容词,作为定语修饰名词,名词性的物主代词词性是名词,可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语,还可以前面加 of 作定语。

形容词性

my, your, his, her, its, our, their

【例句】 It is my dog.

名词性

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

【例句】 The dog is mine.

反身代词

反身代词表示某个行为动作的施加者和接受者是同一人或物,反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。反身代词包括 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

【例句】

  • 作宾语:She told herself to be strong.
  • 作同位语:I myself is a teacher.
  • 作表语:The only one who can save me is myself.

疑问代词

疑问代词指用于引出特殊疑问句的代词,用来构成疑问句时,在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除 who 之外也没有格的变化。疑问代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。疑问代词包括:when, who, whom, whose, why, which, where, what, how, whenever, whoever, whichever, wherever, whatever, however 等。

【例句】

  • 作主语: Who sent this message to you?
  • 作表语: The problem is not when, it's how.
  • 作宾语: Wherever you go, I'll go with you.

相互代词

相互代词用来表示某个动作或感觉是相互的,两个最常见的相互代词是:each other, one another. 当表示两人之间时,常用 each other, 如果指三人或以上,则使用 one another. 它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。

【例句】

  • Tom and Jerry helped each other.
  • The students are kicking the ball to one another.

不定代词

不定代词指代不确定的人或事,在指人时词尾接-body 或-one,指物时接-thing.

表示单数的不定代词: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, little, much, neither, either, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something

表示复数的不定代词: both, a few, many, others, several

既能表示单数也能表示复数的不定代词: all, any, more, most, none, some

【例句】

  • Somebody stole my car.
  • Is anyone home?
  • Nobody is as beautiful as you.

指示代词

指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词,具有指定的含义。指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。指示代词分为单数和复数,单数有 this, that, 复数有 these, those.

【例句】

  • 作主语:These are wonderful ideas.
  • 作宾语:John found this camera on the street.
  • 作定语:I'd like to take that coat.